马修-诺克 临床心理学家

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Matthew Nock
Clinical Psychologist | Class of 2011
Deepening understanding of self-injury and suicide among adolescents and adults by combining epidemiology, laboratory experiments, and real-time psychological assessments in the interest of saving lives and influencing mental health care in our society.


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Title
Clinical Psychologist
Affiliation
Harvard University
Location
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Age
38 at time of award
Area of Focus
Psychology and Cognitive Science
Published September 20, 2011
ABOUT MATTHEW'S WORK
Matthew Nock, a leading clinical psychologist of suicide and self-injury in adolescents and adults, has made significant breakthroughs associated with the very basic question of why people harm themselves. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among American adolescents and the tenth most common cause of death overall in the United States. The suicide rate has remained essentially unchanged in the United States over the past forty years, despite the de-stigmatization of mental illness, the increased availability of psychotropic medications, and increased funding for suicide research. Nock's research has markedly deepened our understanding of suicide and self-injury, with important implications for development of more effective treatment protocols. By combining epidemiology, laboratory experiments, measurement of implicit mental associations, and real-world, real-time biological and psychological assessments, Nock is able to document the nature, severity, and duration of the affective states of individuals considering or recently engaging in self-injury. For example, he discovered a behavioral marker — the extent to which a person associates his or her self-concept with death — and a method for obtaining objective measurements of the strength of the association that predict suicide attempts with much greater accuracy than traditional assessments. His studies of nonsuicidal self-injury (such as cutting and burning) among adolescents have demonstrated that these behaviors may serve an adaptive function by activating the body's ability to self-regulate runaway affective and cognitive states brought on by extreme anger, anxiety, or stress. Nock's current work includes cross-national studies of suicidal behavior that seek to discern those aspects of suicidal thinking and behavior that are universal at the phenomenological and neurobiological levels and those that are dependent on cultural context and environment. In a field that is inherently very difficult to study — there are no animal models for suicide — Nock is building ever-broader conceptual models of self-harm with the potential to save lives and to influence mental health care in our society.

BIOGRAPHY
Matthew Nock received a B.A. (1995) from Boston University and an M.S. (2000), M.Phil. (2001), and Ph.D. (2003) from Yale University. Since 2003, he has been affiliated with Harvard University, where he is currently a professor in the Department of Psychology. He is the editor of Understanding Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Origins, Assessment and Treatment (2009), and his scientific articles have appeared in such publications as the Journal of the American Medical Association, the British Journal of Psychiatry, and the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.



马修-诺克
临床心理学家 | 2011级
通过结合流行病学、实验室实验和实时心理评估，加深对青少年和成年人中自我伤害和自杀的理解，以拯救生命并影响我们社会的心理健康护理。


马修-诺克的画像
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职称
临床心理学家
工作单位
哈佛大学
工作地点
马萨诸塞州剑桥市
年龄
获奖时38岁
重点领域
心理学和认知科学
发表于2011年9月20日
关于马修的工作
马修-诺克（Matthew Nock）是研究青少年和成年人自杀和自我伤害的领先临床心理学家，他在人们为什么会伤害自己这一非常基本的问题上取得了重大突破。自杀是美国青少年的第三大死因，也是美国整体的第十大死因。在过去的四十年里，美国的自杀率基本上没有变化，尽管精神疾病不再被污名化，精神药物的供应增加，以及自杀研究的资金增加。诺克的研究明显地加深了我们对自杀和自残的理解，对制定更有效的治疗方案具有重要意义。通过结合流行病学、实验室实验、隐性心理关联的测量以及现实世界的实时生物和心理评估，诺克能够记录考虑或最近从事自我伤害的人的情感状态的性质、严重程度和持续时间。例如，他发现了一种行为标记--一个人将他或她的自我概念与死亡联系起来的程度--以及一种获得对这种联系强度的客观测量的方法，这种方法预测自杀企图的准确性比传统评估要高得多。他对青少年中的非自杀性自伤（如切割和焚烧）的研究表明，这些行为可能通过激活身体自我调节由极端愤怒、焦虑或压力带来的失控情绪和认知状态的能力，起到适应性功能。诺克目前的工作包括对自杀行为的跨国研究，寻求辨别自杀思维和行为中那些在现象学和神经生物学层面上具有普遍性的方面，以及那些取决于文化背景和环境的方面。在一个本质上非常难以研究的领域--没有自杀的动物模型--诺克正在建立越来越广泛的自我伤害的概念模型，有可能拯救生命并影响我们社会的心理健康护理。

个人简历
马修-诺克在波士顿大学获得学士学位（1995年），并获得硕士学位（2000年）、哲学硕士（2001年）和博士学位。(2001)和博士(2003)。2003年以来，他一直隶属于哈佛大学，目前是该校心理学系的教授。他是《理解非自杀性自伤》的编辑。他的科学文章发表在《美国医学会杂志》、《英国精神病学杂志》和《临床精神病学杂志》等刊物上。