1983 肯·汤普逊

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Kenneth Lane Thompson

PHOTOGRAPHS
BIRTH:
February 4, 1943 in New Orleans.

EDUCATION:
EECS Bachelor of Science (1965) and master's degree (1966), Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley.

EXPERIENCE:
Member of Technical Staff, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill NJ (Multics project 1967-1969, Co-creator of Unix operating system, Co-creator of Belle, winner of the 3rd World Computer Chess Championship 1980 in Linz, co-creator of Plan 9 From Bell Labs operating system); Entrisphere, Fellow; Google, Distinguished Engineer (co-created Google's programming language Go).

HONORS AND AWARDS:
(the following awards were jointly given to both Thompson and Ritchie) ACM Programming Systems and Languages Paper Award (1975); ACM A. M. Turing Award (1983); ACM Software System Award (1983); IEEE Emmanuel R. Piore Award (1983). the IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal (1990); IEEE Computer Pioneer Award (1994); Computer History Museum Fellow Award (1997); 1998 National Medal of Technology from President Bill Clinton; ACM SIGOPS Hall of Fame Award (2005). Japan Prize for Information and Communications (2011).
The IEEE chose Thompson to receive the first Tsutomu Kanai Award (1999); Thompson was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1980.


KENNETH LANE THOMPSON DL Author Profile link
United States – 1983
CITATION
With Dennis M. Ritchie, for their development of generic operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the UNIX operating system.

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ACM TURING AWARD
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Kenneth Lane Thompson was born February 4, 1943 in New Orleans, Louisiana. His father was in the US Navy and the family moved often.

Thompson received a Bachelor of Science in 1965 and a master's degree in 1966 in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California, Berkeley.

After graduation, Thompson and Dennis Ritchie joined the Bell Laboratories Computing Sciences Research Center in Murray Hill NJ. At the time, staff members of this group had considerable latitude in choosing research topics in computing theory, languages, programming and systems. Since 1964, members of the group had been participating in the design and development of the Multics timesharing system, along with developers from MIT's Project MAC and General Electric.

In 1969, Bell Labs withdrew from the Multics project. The Computing Sciences Research group members searched for other projects, and in particular for a computing environment with an on-line community that avoided the "big system mentality."  Unix would provide such an environment.

Thompson wrote the first version of the Unix operating system for a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-7  in a month, using a cross-assembler that ran on GECOS. The PDP-7 he used had only 4K of 18-bit words. Dennis Ritchie wrote,

It began in 1969 when Ken Thompson discovered a little-used PDP-7 computer and set out to fashion a computing environment that he liked. His work soon attracted me; I joined in the enterprise, though most of the ideas, and most of the work for that matter, were his.

Unix provided users with interactive remote terminal computing and a shared file system. Source code was provided with the system, and the community of users could share ideas and programs directly and informally. Because Unix ran on a relatively inexpensive minicomputer, small research groups could experiment with it without dealing with computation center bureaucracies.

In 1971, the Bell Laboratories Computing Sciences Research group ported Unix to a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 to support text processing for the Bell Laboratories Patents Office. By 1972, there were 10 installations of Unix at AT&T.

Thompson also created an interpretive language, called B, based on BCPL, which he used to re-implement the non-kernel parts of Unix. Ritchie added types to the B language, and later created a compiler for the C language. Thompson and Ritchie rewrote most of Unix in C in 1973, which made further development and porting to other platforms much easier.

The second ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles was held in Elmsford, NY in 1973, and Thompson and Ritchie presented a clear and well-written paper [3] describing Unix. The Unix system presented in the paper was elegant and simple, providing a useful and extensible multi-user programming environment on an affordable machine. The file system and libraries included with the system made it easy to build and share application programs and to augment the system's functions. By the end of 1973, there were over 20 Unix systems running.

Thompson and Ritchie continued the development of Unix and C at Bell Laboratories, along with other Computing Sciences Research group members. Unix use spread further within AT&T. The Sixth Edition, released in 1975, began the spread of Unix to university, commercial, and government users of the popular DEC PDP-11 computers. AT&T, forbidden by court decree from selling Unix, licensed it for the cost of media. Enthusiastic users had the source code available, and fed improvements to Unix back to the Bell Labs developers. A 1977 retrospective paper by Ritchie [4] said that there were more than 300 Unix installations running, on configurations from a single-user DEC LSI-11 to a 48-user PDP-11/70. By 1978, there were over 600 Unix installations, and Unix had begun to be ported to other minicomputers.

In the late 1970s, John Lions of the University of New South Wales circulated a book [8] on Unix that included the source code and commentaries on it. This book was used to teach Unix in operating systems courses around the world, and created a generation of computer scientists familiar with Unix internals.

In 1983 Thompson and Ritchie received the ACM A. M. Turing Award. The Turing Award selection committee wrote:

The success of the UNIX system stems from its tasteful selection of a few key ideas and their elegant implementation. The model of the Unix system has led a generation of software designers to new ways of thinking about programming. The genius of the Unix system is its framework, which enables programmers to stand on the work of others.

In the mid-1980s, several organizations promoted different technical approaches to Unix on different platforms, with different licensing arrangements. Thompson and Ritchie were honored as the originators of the system but no longer controlled its destiny. They went on to other computing research projects within AT&T.

Thompson worked with other members of the Computing Science Research Center on the Bell Laboratories Plan 9 distributed operating system from the mid-1980s until the late 1990s. This system uses the Unicode character encoding system, which allows text in many languages to be represented. Thompson and Rob Pike developed the UTF-8 multi-byte character encoding scheme, the most widely used encoding on the World Wide Web, in 1992.

Thompson also studied computer chess with other AT&T colleagues. He and Joe Condon built the world champion chess-playing computer Belle, the first computer to attain a master rating. (Belle was later donated to the Smithsonian Institution.)

In late 2000, Thompson retired from Bell Labs. He worked at Entrisphere, Inc as a Fellow until moving to Google in 2006 as a Distinguished Engineer, where he worked on Google's programming language Go.

Also see:
http://snap.nlc.dcccd.edu/learn/drkelly/hst-hand.htm
Unix timeline

Author: Tom van Vleck



Kenneth Lane Thompson

照片
诞生。
1943年2月4日在新奥尔良。

学历。
加州大学伯克利分校电子工程和计算机科学的EECS理学士（1965年）和硕士学位（1966年）。

工作经历：贝尔实验室技术员
贝尔实验室（Multics项目1967-1969，Unix操作系统的共同创造者，Belle的共同创造者，1980年在林茨举行的第三届世界电脑象棋锦标赛冠军，贝尔实验室操作系统的Plan 9的共同创造者）；Entrisphere，研究员；谷歌，杰出工程师（共同创造了谷歌的编程语言Go）。

荣誉和奖项。
(以下奖项是汤普森和里奇共同获得的）ACM编程系统和语言论文奖（1975）；ACM A. M. 图灵奖（1983）；ACM软件系统奖（1983）；IEEE Emmanuel R. Piore奖（1983）。IEEE Richard W. Hamming奖章（1990）；IEEE计算机先锋奖（1994）；计算机历史博物馆研究员奖（1997）；比尔-克林顿总统颁发的1998国家技术奖；ACM SIGOPS名人堂奖（2005）。日本信息和通信奖（2011年）。
IEEE选择汤普森获得第一个Tsutomu Kanai奖（1999年）；汤普森在1980年当选为国家工程院院士。


KENNETH LANE THOMPSON DL作者简介链接
美国 - 1983年
参考文献
与Dennis M. Ritchie一起，对通用操作系统理论的发展，特别是对UNIX操作系统的实现做出了贡献。

短篇注释
书目
亚马逊图灵奖
讲座
研究
主题
额外的
材料
肯尼斯-莱恩-汤普森于1943年2月4日出生在路易斯安那州的新奥尔良市。他的父亲在美国海军服役，全家经常搬家。

汤普森于1965年获得理学士学位，并于1966年获得加州大学伯克利分校电子工程和计算机科学硕士学位。

毕业后，汤普森和丹尼斯-里奇加入了位于新泽西州莫里山的贝尔实验室计算科学研究中心。当时，这个小组的工作人员在选择计算理论、语言、编程和系统的研究课题方面有很大的自由度。自1964年以来，该小组的成员与麻省理工学院的MAC项目和通用电气的开发人员一起，参与了Multics分时系统的设计和开发。

1969年，贝尔实验室退出了Multics项目。计算科学研究小组成员寻找其他项目，特别是寻找一个具有在线社区的计算环境，以避免 "大系统思维"。 Unix将提供这样一个环境。

汤普森在一个月内为数字设备公司的PDP-7编写了第一个版本的Unix操作系统，使用的是一个在GECOS上运行的交叉汇编程序。他使用的PDP-7只有4K的18位字。Dennis Ritchie写道。

这始于1969年，当时Ken Thompson发现了一台很少使用的PDP-7计算机，并着手打造一个他喜欢的计算环境。他的工作很快吸引了我；我加入了这个企业，尽管大部分的想法和大部分的工作都是他的。

Unix为用户提供了交互式远程终端计算和一个共享文件系统。该系统提供了源代码，用户社区可以直接和非正式地分享想法和程序。由于Unix运行在相对便宜的微型计算机上，小型研究小组可以用它进行试验，而不必与计算中心的官僚机构打交道。

1971年，贝尔实验室计算科学研究小组将Unix移植到数字设备公司的PDP-11上，以支持贝尔实验室专利办公室的文本处理。到1972年，在AT&T有10套Unix系统。

汤普森还在BCPL的基础上创造了一种叫做B的解释语言，他用它来重新实现Unix的非内核部分。里奇为B语言增加了类型，后来还为C语言创建了一个编译器。Thompson和Ritchie在1973年用C语言重写了大部分Unix，这使得进一步的开发和移植到其他平台变得更加容易。

第二届ACM操作系统原理研讨会于1973年在纽约州的Elmsford举行，Thompson和Ritchie发表了一篇清晰且文笔良好的论文[3]，描述了Unix。论文中介绍的Unix系统优雅而简单，在一台经济适用的机器上提供了一个有用的、可扩展的多用户编程环境。该系统所包含的文件系统和库使得建立和共享应用程序以及增强系统功能变得容易。到1973年底，有超过20个Unix系统在运行。

汤普森和里奇在贝尔实验室与其他计算科学研究小组成员一起继续开发Unix和C。Unix的使用在AT&T内部进一步扩散。1975年发布的第六版开始向大学、商业和政府的流行的DEC PDP-11计算机用户传播Unix。AT&T被法院禁止销售Unix，以媒体费用的方式授权给它。热情的用户可以获得源代码，并将Unix的改进反馈给贝尔实验室的开发者。Ritchie[4]在1977年的一篇回顾性文章中说，当时有300多个Unix装置在运行，配置从单用户的DEC LSI-11到48用户的PDP-11/70。到1978年，有超过600个Unix安装，而且Unix已经开始被移植到其他微型计算机上。

在20世纪70年代末，新南威尔士大学的John Lions传阅了一本关于Unix的书[8]，其中包括源代码和对它的评论。这本书被用来在世界各地的操作系统课程中教授Unix，并造就了一代熟悉Unix内部结构的计算机科学家。

1983年，汤普森和里奇获得了ACM A. M. 图灵奖。图灵奖评选委员会写道。

UNIX系统的成功源于它对一些关键思想的有品味的选择和它们的优雅实现。Unix系统的模型引导了一代软件设计者对编程的新思考方式。Unix系统的天才之处在于它的框架，它使程序员能够站在别人的工作上。

在20世纪80年代中期，有几个组织在不同的平台上推广不同的Unix技术方法，有不同的许可安排。汤普森和里奇被誉为该系统的创始者，但不再控制其命运。他们继续在AT&T内部从事其他计算研究项目。

从20世纪80年代中期到90年代末，汤普森与计算科学研究中心的其他成员合作开发了贝尔实验室Plan 9分布式操作系统。这个系统使用Unicode字符编码系统，它允许多种语言的文本被表示。汤普森和罗布-派克在1992年开发了UTF-8多字节字符编码方案，这是万维网上最广泛使用的编码。

汤普森还与AT&T的其他同事研究计算机国际象棋。他和乔-康登建立了世界冠军象棋计算机贝勒，这是第一台达到大师级的计算机。(Belle后来被捐赠给了史密森学会）。

2000年底，汤普森从贝尔实验室退休。他在Entrisphere公司担任研究员，直到2006年转到谷歌担任杰出工程师，在那里他负责谷歌的编程语言Go。

还可以看到。
http://snap.nlc.dcccd.edu/learn/drkelly/hst-hand.htm
Unix时间轴

作者。Tom van Vleck