卡洛斯-D-布斯塔曼特 人口遗传学家

shiyi18

Carlos D. Bustamante
Population Geneticist | Class of 2010
Mining DNA sequence data to address fundamental questions about the mechanisms of evolution, the complex origins of human genetic diversity, and patterns of population migration.


Portrait of Carlos D. Bustamante
Photos for download >
Title
Population Geneticist
Affiliation
Stanford University School of Medicine
Location
Stanford, California
Age
35 at time of award
Area of Focus
Genetics and Molecular Biology
Published September 28, 2010
ABOUT CARLOS' WORK
Carlos D. Bustamante is a population biologist who mines DNA sequence data for insights into the dynamics and migration of populations and the mechanisms of evolution and natural selection. In studies of humans, Bustamante analyzes SNPs (sites of common variation in a DNA sequence) from many individuals to infer changes in human populations and their relationship to specific gene mutations. He compared SNPs in regions of DNA that are translated into proteins with those in non-coding regions of the genome; from this analysis, he inferred that between a third and a half of mutations that change protein composition are lethal or produce weak negative selection, generating further understanding of a long-standing question of population genetics. He has applied SNP-based methods to retrace the history of species’ domestication, both plants and animals; collaborative investigations of Asian rice and dogs, for example, have provided clues about where and how long ago humans domesticated these species. Bustamante has also teased out higher-resolution reconstructions of human demographic and migration patterns using new data sets from ethnically and geographically diverse samples. He and his colleagues have used DNA markers to assess the impact of shared language and geographic obstacles on migration patterns and genetic composition of human subpopulations in Europe, Africa, and Latin America. Through his multifaceted research, Bustamante is developing a rigorous, quantitative foundation for addressing fundamental questions about genetics and evolution across species, about patterns of population migration, and about the complex origins of human genetic diversity, before recorded history and since.

BIOGRAPHY
Carlos D. Bustamante received a B.A. (1997), M.A. (2001), and Ph.D. (2001) from Harvard University. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Oxford (2001–2002) and affiliated with Cornell University (2002–2009) prior to his appointment as a professor of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. His scientific articles have appeared in such journals as Nature, Science, Molecular Biology and Evolution, PLoS Genetics, and PNAS.



卡洛斯-D-布斯塔曼特
人口遗传学家 | 2010级
挖掘DNA序列数据以解决有关进化机制、人类遗传多样性的复杂起源和人口迁移模式的基本问题。


卡洛斯-D-布斯塔曼特的肖像
图片下载 >
标题
人口遗传学家
工作单位
斯坦福大学医学院
工作地点
斯坦福, 加州
年龄
获奖时35岁
重点领域
遗传学和分子生物学
发表于2010年9月28日
关于卡洛斯的工作
卡洛斯-D-布斯塔曼特是一位人口生物学家，他通过挖掘DNA序列数据来了解人口的动态和迁移以及进化和自然选择的机制。在对人类的研究中，布斯塔曼特分析了许多个体的SNPs（DNA序列中的共同变异点），以推断人类种群的变化及其与特定基因突变的关系。他比较了被翻译成蛋白质的DNA区域的SNP和基因组非编码区域的SNP；从这个分析中，他推断出三分之一到一半的改变蛋白质组成的突变是致命的或产生弱的负选择，产生了对人口遗传学的一个长期问题的进一步理解。他应用基于SNP的方法来追溯物种驯化的历史，包括植物和动物；例如，对亚洲水稻和狗的合作调查提供了关于人类在哪里以及多久以前驯化这些物种的线索。布斯塔曼特还利用来自不同民族和地域的新数据集，对人类的人口和迁移模式进行了更高分辨率的重建。他和他的同事使用DNA标记评估了共同语言和地理障碍对欧洲、非洲和拉丁美洲人类亚群的迁移模式和遗传组成的影响。通过他的多方面研究，布斯塔曼特正在发展一个严格的定量基础，以解决关于跨物种的遗传学和进化、关于人口迁移模式、以及关于有史以来人类遗传多样性的复杂起源等基本问题。

个人简历
卡洛斯-D-布斯塔曼特在哈佛大学获得学士（1997年）、硕士（2001年）和博士（2001年）学位。在被任命为斯坦福大学医学院遗传学教授之前，他是牛津大学的博士后研究员（2001-2002），并隶属于康奈尔大学（2002-2009）。他的科学文章发表在《自然》、《科学》、《分子生物学与进化》、《PLoS遗传学》和《PNAS》等杂志上。