2019 赛迪雅-哈特曼 文学学者和文化历史学家

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Saidiya Hartman
Literary Scholar and Cultural Historian | Class of 2019
Tracing the afterlife of slavery in modern American life and rescuing from oblivion stories of sparsely documented lives that have been systematically excluded from historical archives.


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Title
Literary Scholar and Cultural Historian
Affiliation
Department of English and Comparative Literature, Columbia University
Location
New York, New York
Age
58 at time of award
Area of Focus
Literary History and Criticism, American History
Website
Columbia University: Saidiya Hartman
Published September 25, 2019
ABOUT SAIDIYA'S WORK
Saidiya Hartman is a scholar of African American literature and cultural history whose works explore the afterlife of slavery in modern American society and bear witness to lives, traumas, and fleeting moments of beauty that historical archives have omitted or obscured. She weaves findings from her meticulous historical research into narratives that retrieve from oblivion stories of nameless and sparsely documented historical actors, such as female captives on slave ships and the inhabitants of slums at the turn of the twentieth century.

Her first book, Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America (1997), traces continuities between pre- and post-emancipation eras in the United States by demonstrating how even advocacy-oriented abolitionist rhetoric reproduced the violence and domination of the state of enslavement. She extends her analysis to the present day by challenging contemporary scholars to be wary of recirculating scenes of the violated black body. Her second book, Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route (2007), combines elements of historiography and memoir in a meditation on her travels to Ghana in search of a deeper understanding of the experience of enslavement. With this work, Hartman defies the conventions of academic scholarship and employs a speculative method of writing history, which she terms “critical fabulation,” to interrogate the authority of historical archives as the singular source of credible information about the past. She revisits the primal scenes of the African diaspora—its coastal fortresses, dungeons, and hinterlands—and reimagines from multiple perspectives the case of an African girl who was murdered by a ship captain and singled out in a speech by the British abolitionist William Wilberforce in 1792. As a whole, the book dramatizes the challenge of rendering in narrative form such irreparable conditions of loss and dispossession and illuminates the ongoing consequences of these conditions in the present day.

Hartman’s most recent book, Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments (2019), is similarly inventive in its mode of presentation and immerses readers in the interior lives of young black women who fled the South and moved to Northern cities in the early twentieth century. While drawing from sociological surveys, tenement photographs, reformatory case files, and other sources, she critiques the pathologizing portrayals these official documents present and recovers stories of resistance enacted by famous women (such as Ida B. Wells) and numerous anonymous others who looked outside the bounds of the law to find kinship, intimacy, and freedom. By addressing gaps and omissions in accounts of trans-Atlantic slavery and its aftermath, Hartman has influenced an entire generation of scholars and afforded readers a proximity to the past that would otherwise be foreclosed.

BIOGRAPHY
Saidiya Hartman received a BA (1984) from Wesleyan University and a PhD (1992) from Yale University. She was a professor in the Department of English and African American Studies at the University of California, Berkeley (1992–2006), prior to joining the faculty of Columbia University, where she is currently a professor in the Department of English and Comparative Literature. She is the former director of the Institute for Research on Gender and Sexuality at Columbia University and was a Whitney Oates Fellow at Princeton University (2002), a Cullman Fellow at the New York Public Library (2016–2017), and a Critical Inquiry Visiting Professor at the University of Chicago (2018). In addition to her books, she has published articles in journals such as South Atlantic Quarterly, Brick, Small Axe, Callaloo, The New Yorker and The Paris Review.

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赛迪雅-哈特曼
文学学者和文化历史学家 | 2019级
追踪现代美国生活中奴隶制的后遗症，从遗忘中拯救那些被系统地排除在历史档案之外的稀少记录的生活故事。


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标题
文学学者和文化历史学家
工作单位
哥伦比亚大学英语和比较文学系
工作地点
纽约，纽约
年龄
获奖时为58岁
重点领域
文学史和评论, 美国历史
网站
哥伦比亚大学。赛迪亚-哈特曼
2019年9月25日出版
关于Saidiya的工作
赛义亚-哈特曼是一位非裔美国文学和文化史学者，她的作品探讨了现代美国社会中奴隶制的后遗症，并见证了历史档案中被遗漏或掩盖的生命、创伤和转瞬即逝的美丽时刻。她将她细致的历史研究结果编织成叙事，从遗忘中找回了无名的、记录稀少的历史角色的故事，如奴隶船上的女俘虏和二十世纪之交的贫民窟居民。

她的第一本书《臣服的场景》。恐怖、奴隶制和十九世纪美国的自我塑造》（1997年），通过展示即使是以宣传为导向的废奴主义者的言论也是如何复制奴役状态的暴力和统治的，追踪了美国解放前和解放后时代的连续性。她将她的分析延伸到今天，挑战当代学者对重新传播黑人身体受侵犯的场景保持警惕。她的第二本书《失去你的母亲》。沿着大西洋奴隶路线的旅行》（2007年）结合了历史学和回忆录的元素，对她在加纳的旅行进行了沉思，以寻求对奴役经历的更深理解。通过这部作品，哈特曼打破了学术研究的惯例，采用了一种猜测性的历史写作方法，她称之为 "批判性的捏造"，以质疑历史档案作为关于过去的可靠信息的唯一来源的权威性。她重温了非洲移民的原始场景--其沿海堡垒、地牢和腹地--并从多个角度重新想象了一个非洲女孩的案例，她被船长谋杀，并在1792年英国废奴主义者威廉-威尔伯福斯的演讲中被挑出来。作为一个整体，该书展示了以叙事形式呈现这种不可挽回的损失和剥夺状况的挑战，并阐明了这些状况在今天的持续后果。

哈特曼最近的著作《向往的生活，美丽的实验》（2019年）在表述方式上同样具有创造性，让读者沉浸在二十世纪初逃离南方、迁往北方城市的年轻黑人妇女的内部生活中。她从社会学调查、公寓照片、教养院档案和其他资料中汲取营养，批判了这些官方文件所呈现的病理化描述，并重现了著名女性（如艾达-B-韦尔斯）和无数匿名者的反抗故事，她们在法律的界限之外寻找亲情、亲密关系和自由。通过解决跨大西洋奴隶制及其后果的描述中的空白和遗漏，哈特曼影响了整整一代学者，并为读者提供了接近过去的机会，否则将被排除在外。

个人简历
赛迪雅-哈特曼在卫斯理大学获得学士学位（1984年），在耶鲁大学获得博士学位（1992年）。在加入哥伦比亚大学之前，她曾是加州大学伯克利分校英语和非洲裔美国人研究系的教授（1992-2006），目前是该校英语和比较文学系的教授。她是哥伦比亚大学性别与性问题研究所的前所长，曾是普林斯顿大学的惠特尼-奥茨研究员（2002年），纽约公共图书馆的库尔曼研究员（2016-2017年），以及芝加哥大学的批判性探索客座教授（2018年）。除了她的书，她还在《南大西洋季刊》、《砖》、《小斧头》、《Callaloo》、《纽约客》和《巴黎评论》等杂志上发表文章。

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