所有诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主

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All Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 113 times to 225 Nobel Prize laureates between 1901 and 2022. Click on the links to get more information.

Find all prizes in | physics | chemistry | physiology or medicine | literature | peace | economic sciences | all categories
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022
Svante Pääbo “for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution”.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021
David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian “for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch”.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020
Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice “for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus”.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019
William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza “for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo “for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016
Yoshinori Ohsumi “for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015
William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura “for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites”

Tu Youyou “for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014
John O’Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser “for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof “for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012
Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka “for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011
Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann “for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity”

Ralph M. Steinman “for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010
Robert G. Edwards “for the development of in vitro fertilization”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak “for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008
Harald zur Hausen“for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer”

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier “for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies “for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello “for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren “for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck “for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
Paul C. Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield “for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston “for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt and Sir Paul M. Nurse “for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric R. Kandel “for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999
Günter Blobel “for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad “for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997
Stanley B. Prusiner “for his discovery of Prions – a new biological principle of infection”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996
Peter C. Doherty and Rolf M. Zinkernagel “for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995
Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric F. Wieschaus “for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994
Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell “for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993
Richard J. Roberts and Phillip A. Sharp “for their discoveries of split genes”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992
Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G. Krebs “for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991
Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann “for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990
Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas “for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989
J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus “for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988
Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings “for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987
Susumu Tonegawa “for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986
Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi-Montalcini “for their discoveries of growth factors”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985
Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein “for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984
Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler and César Milstein “for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983
Barbara McClintock “for her discovery of mobile genetic elements”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982
Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane “for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
Roger W. Sperry “for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres”

David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel “for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980
Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset and George D. Snell “for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979
Allan M. Cormack and Godfrey N. Hounsfield“for the development of computer assisted tomography”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978
Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith “for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally “for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain”

Rosalyn Yalow“for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976
Baruch S. Blumberg and D. Carleton Gajdusek“for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco and Howard Martin Temin“for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974
Albert Claude, Christian de Duve and George E. Palade “for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen “for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972
Gerald M. Edelman and Rodney R. Porter “for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. “for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler and Julius Axelrod “for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey and Salvador E. Luria “for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968
Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana and Marshall W. Nirenberg “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald “for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966
Peyton Rous “for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses”

Charles Brenton Huggins “for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965
François Jacob, André Lwoff and Jacques Monod “for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964
Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen “for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley “for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962
Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins “for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961
Georg von Békésy “for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet and Peter Brian Medawar “for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959
Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg “for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum “for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events”

Joshua Lederberg “for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957
Daniel Bovet “for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956
André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards “for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955
Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell “for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller and Frederick Chapman Robbins “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
Hans Adolf Krebs “for his discovery of the citric acid cycle”

Fritz Albert Lipmann “for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952
Selman Abraham Waksman “for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951
Max Theiler “for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein and Philip Showalter Hench “for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
Walter Rudolf Hess “for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs”

Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz “for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948
Paul Hermann Müller “for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz “for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen”

Bernardo Alberto Houssay “for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946
Hermann Joseph Muller “for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945
Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey “for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944
Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser “for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943
Henrik Carl Peter Dam “for his discovery of vitamin K”

Edward Adelbert Doisy “for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1942
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1941
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1940
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939
Gerhard Domagk “for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938
Corneille Jean François Heymans “for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937
Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt “for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
Sir Henry Hallett Dale and Otto Loewi “for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935
Hans Spemann “for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934
George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot and William Parry Murphy “for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933
Thomas Hunt Morgan “for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and Edgar Douglas Adrian “for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931
Otto Heinrich Warburg “for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930
Karl Landsteiner “for his discovery of human blood groups”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929
Christiaan Eijkman “for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin”

Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins “for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928
Charles Jules Henri Nicolle “for his work on typhus”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
Julius Wagner-Jauregg “for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926
Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger “for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1925
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924
Willem Einthoven “for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923
Frederick Grant Banting and John James Rickard Macleod “for the discovery of insulin”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
Archibald Vivian Hill “for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle”

Otto Fritz Meyerhof “for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1921
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920
Schack August Steenberg Krogh “for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919
Jules Bordet “for his discoveries relating to immunity”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1918
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1917
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1916
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1915
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914
Robert Bárány “for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913
Charles Robert Richet “in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912
Alexis Carrel “in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911
Allvar Gullstrand “for his work on the dioptrics of the eye”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910
Albrecht Kossel “in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909
Emil Theodor Kocher “for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov and Paul Ehrlich “in recognition of their work on immunity”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran “in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906
Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal “in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905
Robert Koch “for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov “in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903
Niels Ryberg Finsen “in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902
Ronald Ross “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it”

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901
Emil Adolf von Behring “for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths”

To cite this section
MLA style: All Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2022. Mon. 3 Oct 2022. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prize ... siology-or-medicine>



所有诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主
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诺贝尔生理学或医学奖在1901年至2022年间共颁发了113次给225名诺贝尔奖获得者。点击链接以获得更多信息。

查找所有奖项|物理学|化学|生理学或医学|文学|和平|经济科学|所有类别的奖项
2022年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
斯万特-派博（Svante Pääbo）"表彰他对已灭绝的人类基因组和人类进化的发现"。

2021年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
大卫-朱利叶斯和阿尔德姆-帕塔普蒂安 "因其对温度和触觉受体的发现"。

2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
哈维-J-阿尔特、迈克尔-霍顿和查尔斯-M-莱斯 "因发现丙型肝炎病毒"。

2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
小威廉-G-凯林、彼得-J-拉特克利夫爵士和格雷格-L-塞门扎 "表彰他们对细胞如何感知和适应氧气可用性的发现"

2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
詹姆斯-P-艾利森和本庶佑 "表彰他们发现通过抑制负面免疫调节来治疗癌症"

2017年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
杰弗里-C-霍尔、迈克尔-罗斯巴什和迈克尔-W-杨 "表彰他们对控制昼夜节律的分子机制的发现"

2016年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
大隅良典 "表彰他对自噬机制的发现"

2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
威廉-C-坎贝尔和大村聪 "表彰他们发现了一种针对蛔虫寄生虫引起的感染的新疗法"

屠呦呦 "表彰她发现了一种防治疟疾的新疗法"

2014年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
约翰-奥基夫、梅-布里特-莫泽和爱德华-I-莫泽 "表彰他们发现了构成大脑中定位系统的细胞"

2013年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
詹姆斯-E-罗斯曼、兰迪-W-谢克曼和托马斯-C-苏德霍夫 "表彰他们发现了调节囊泡交通的机器，这是我们细胞中的一个主要运输系统"

2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
约翰-B-格登爵士和山中伸弥 "以表彰他们发现成熟细胞可以被重新编程成为多能细胞"

2011年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
布鲁斯-A-贝特勒和朱尔斯-A-霍夫曼 "表彰他们关于激活先天免疫的发现"

拉尔夫-M-斯坦曼 "因其发现树突状细胞及其在适应性免疫中的作用"

2010年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
罗伯特-G-爱德华兹 "表彰他对体外受精技术的发展"

2009年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
伊丽莎白-H-布莱克本、卡罗尔-W-格雷德和杰克-W-绍斯塔克 "因为发现了染色体如何受到端粒和端粒酶的保护"

2008年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
哈罗德-祖尔-豪森（Harald zur Hausen）"表彰他发现人类乳头状瘤病毒导致宫颈癌"

弗朗索瓦丝-巴雷-西努西和吕克-蒙塔尼埃 "因为他们发现了人类免疫缺陷病毒"

2007年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
马里奥-卡佩奇（Mario R. Capecchi）、马丁-J-埃文斯爵士（Sir Martin J. Evans）和奥利弗-史密斯（Oliver Smithies）"表彰他们发现了利用胚胎干细胞在小鼠体内引入特定基因修饰的原则"

2006年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
安德鲁-Z-弗尔和克雷格-C-梅洛 "表彰他们发现了RNA干扰--通过双链RNA进行基因沉默"

2005年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
巴里-J-马歇尔和J-罗宾-沃伦 "表彰他们发现了幽门螺旋杆菌及其在胃炎和消化性溃疡病中的作用"

2004年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
理查德-阿克塞尔和琳达-B-巴克 "表彰他们对气味受体和嗅觉系统组织的发现"

2003年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
保罗-C-劳特伯和彼得-曼斯菲尔德爵士 "表彰他们在磁共振成像方面的发现"

2002年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
悉尼-布伦纳、H-罗伯特-霍维茨和约翰-E-苏尔斯顿 "因其在器官发育和程序性细胞死亡的遗传调节方面的发现"

2001年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
利兰-H-哈特威尔、蒂姆-亨特和保罗-M-诺斯爵士 "表彰他们发现了细胞周期的关键调节器"

2000年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
阿维德-卡尔松、保罗-格林加德和埃里克-R-坎德尔 "表彰他们在神经系统中发现的信号传导"

1999年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
冈特-布洛贝尔 "发现蛋白质具有内在的信号，支配其在细胞中的运输和定位"

1998年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro 和 Ferid Murad "表彰他们发现一氧化氮是心血管系统的信号分子"

1997年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
Stanley B. Prusiner "表彰他发现了朊病毒--一种新的感染生物学原理"

1996年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
彼得-C-多尔蒂和罗尔夫-M-辛克纳格尔 "因为他们发现了细胞介导的免疫防御的特殊性"

1995年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
爱德华-B-刘易斯、克里斯蒂安-纽斯林-沃尔哈德和埃里克-F-维肖斯 "表彰他们对早期胚胎发育的基因控制的发现"

1994年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
阿尔弗雷德-G-吉尔曼和马丁-罗德尔 "表彰他们发现了G-蛋白以及这些蛋白在细胞中的信号转导作用"

1993年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
理查德-J-罗伯茨和菲利普-A-夏普 "因其发现分裂基因"

1992年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
埃德蒙-H-费舍尔和埃德温-G-克雷布斯 "因为他们发现了可逆的蛋白质磷酸化作为一种生物调节机制"

1991年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
埃尔温-内尔和伯特-萨克曼 "因其对细胞中单一离子通道功能的发现"

1990年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
约瑟夫-E-默里和E-唐纳尔-托马斯 "因其在治疗人类疾病中的器官和细胞移植方面的发现"

1989年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
J. 迈克尔-毕晓普和哈罗德-E-瓦穆斯 "因其发现逆转录病毒致癌基因的细胞来源"

1988年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
詹姆斯-W-布莱克爵士、格特鲁德-B-埃利昂和乔治-H-希钦斯 "因其发现药物治疗的重要原则"

1987年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
利根川进（Susumu Tonegawa） "表彰他发现了产生抗体多样性的遗传原理" 。

1986年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
斯坦利-科恩和丽塔-莱维-蒙塔尔奇尼 "因为他们发现了生长因子"

1985年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
迈克尔-S-布朗和约瑟夫-L-戈尔茨坦 "因为他们发现了胆固醇代谢的调节"

1984年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler 和 César Milstein "表彰关于免疫系统发育和控制的特异性的理论，以及发现单克隆抗体的生产原理"

1983年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
芭芭拉-麦克林托克（Barbara McClintock）"因为她发现了移动的遗传元素"

1982年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson和John R. Vane "以表彰他们对前列腺素和相关生物活性物质的发现"

1981年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
罗杰-W-斯佩里 "表彰他对大脑半球功能特化的发现"

David H. Hubel和Torsten N. Wiesel "表彰他们对视觉系统信息处理的发现"

1980年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset和George D. Snell "表彰他们发现细胞表面由基因决定的结构，调节免疫反应"

1979年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
阿兰-M-科马克和戈弗雷-N-霍斯菲尔德 "以表彰他们对计算机辅助断层扫描的发展"

1978年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
沃纳-阿伯、丹尼尔-纳坦斯和汉密尔顿-O-史密斯 "表彰限制性酶的发现及其在分子遗传学问题上的应用"

1977年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
罗杰-吉列明和安德鲁-V-沙利 "以表彰他们对大脑中肽类激素分泌的发现

罗莎琳-雅洛 "为开发肽类激素的放射免疫测定法"

1976年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
巴鲁克-S-布伦贝格和D-卡尔顿-加伊杜塞克 "表彰他们对传染病起源和传播的新机制的发现" 。

1975年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
大卫-巴尔的摩、雷纳托-杜尔贝科和霍华德-马丁-泰明 "表彰他们对肿瘤病毒和细胞遗传物质之间相互作用的发现"

1974年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
阿尔伯特-克劳德、克里斯蒂安-德-杜夫和乔治-E-帕莱德 "表彰他们对细胞结构和功能组织的发现"

1973年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
卡尔-冯-弗里施、康拉德-洛伦茨和尼古拉斯-丁伯根 "以表彰他们对个人和社会行为模式的组织和诱导的发现"

1972年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
杰拉尔德-M-埃德尔曼和罗德尼-R-波特 "因其对抗体化学结构的发现"

1971年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
厄尔-W-萨瑟兰，Jr. "以表彰他对荷尔蒙作用机制的发现

1970年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
伯纳德-卡茨爵士、乌尔夫-冯-尤勒和朱利叶斯-阿克塞尔罗德 "以表彰他们对神经末梢的体液传递器及其储存、释放和失活机制的发现"

1969年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
马克斯-德尔布吕克、阿尔弗雷德-D-赫尔希和萨尔瓦多-E-卢里亚 "表彰他们对病毒的复制机制和遗传结构的发现"

1968年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
罗伯特-W-霍利、哈-戈宾德-霍拉纳和马歇尔-W-尼伦伯格 "因其对遗传密码及其在蛋白质合成中的功能的解释"

1967年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
拉格纳-格拉尼特、霍尔丹-基弗-哈特林和乔治-瓦尔德 "以表彰他们对眼睛的主要生理和化学视觉过程的发现"

1966年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
佩顿-罗斯 "因其发现诱发肿瘤的病毒"

查尔斯-布伦顿-哈金斯 "因为他发现了前列腺癌的荷尔蒙治疗"

1965年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
弗朗索瓦-雅各布、安德烈-洛夫和雅克-莫诺 "因为他们发现了对酶和病毒合成的遗传控制"

1964年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
康拉德-布洛赫和费奥多尔-林恩 "因其发现胆固醇和脂肪酸代谢的机制和调节"

1963年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
约翰-卡鲁-埃克斯爵士、阿兰-劳埃德-霍奇金和安德鲁-菲尔丁-赫胥黎 "因其发现了神经细胞膜外围和中央部分的兴奋和抑制的离子机制"

1962年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
弗朗西斯-哈里-康普顿-克里克、詹姆斯-杜威-沃森和莫里斯-休-弗雷德里克-威尔金斯 "因其发现核酸的分子结构及其对生物体内信息传递的意义"

1961年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
Georg von Békésy "以表彰他对耳蜗内刺激的物理机制的发现"

1960年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
弗兰克-麦克法兰-伯内特爵士和彼得-布莱恩-梅达瓦 "因发现获得性免疫耐受"。

1959年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
塞维罗-奥乔亚和阿瑟-科恩伯格 "因其发现核糖核酸和脱氧核糖核酸的生物合成机制"

1958年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
乔治-韦尔斯-比德尔和爱德华-劳里-塔特姆 "以表彰他们发现基因通过调节明确的化学事件而发挥作用"

Joshua Lederberg "以表彰他对基因重组和细菌遗传物质组织的发现"

1957年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
丹尼尔-博韦 "表彰他发现了与抑制某些身体物质的作用有关的合成化合物，特别是它们对血管系统和骨骼肌的作用"

1956年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
安德烈-弗雷德里克-库尔南、维尔纳-福斯曼和迪金森-W-理查兹 "表彰他们在心脏导管检查和循环系统病理变化方面的发现"

1955年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
阿克塞尔-雨果-西奥多-西奥雷尔 "表彰他对氧化酶的性质和作用方式的发现"

1954年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
约翰-富兰克林-恩德斯、托马斯-哈克尔-韦勒和弗雷德里克-查普曼-罗宾斯 "因为他们发现了脊髓灰质炎病毒在各种组织培养物中的生长能力"

1953年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
汉斯-阿道夫-克雷布斯 "因为他发现了柠檬酸循环"

弗里茨-艾伯特-利普曼 "因为他发现了辅酶A及其对中间代谢的重要性"

1952年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
塞尔曼-亚伯拉罕-瓦克斯曼 "表彰他发现了链霉素，这是第一种对结核病有效的抗生素"

1951年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
马克斯-塞勒（Max Theiler） "表彰他在黄热病方面的发现以及如何防治黄热病"

1950年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
爱德华-卡尔文-肯德尔、塔德乌斯-赖希施泰因和菲利普-肖瓦尔特-亨奇 "表彰他们对肾上腺皮质激素、其结构和生物效应的发现"

1949年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
沃尔特-鲁道夫-赫斯 "表彰他发现大脑间的功能组织是内部器官活动的协调者"

安东尼奥-卡埃塔诺-德-阿布雷乌-弗莱雷-埃加斯-莫尼兹 "表彰他发现了白细胞切除术对某些精神病的治疗价值"

1948年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
保罗-赫尔曼-穆勒（Paul Hermann Müller）"表彰他发现滴滴涕作为一种接触性毒药对几种节肢动物的高效性"

1947年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
卡尔-费迪南德-科里和格蒂-特雷莎-科里，女，拉德尼茨 "以表彰他们发现糖原的催化转化过程"

贝尔纳多-阿尔贝托-胡赛 "因为他发现了垂体前叶的激素在糖的代谢中的作用"

1946年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
赫尔曼-约瑟夫-穆勒 "因发现通过X射线照射产生突变"

1945年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
亚历山大-弗莱明爵士、恩斯特-鲍里斯-查恩和霍华德-沃尔特-弗洛里爵士 "因发现青霉素及其对各种传染病的疗效"

1944年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
约瑟夫-埃兰格和赫伯特-斯宾塞-加塞 "因其发现单根神经纤维的高度分化功能"

1943年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
亨利克-卡尔-彼得-达姆 "因其发现了维生素K"

爱德华-阿德尔伯特-多西 "因为他发现了维生素K的化学性质"

1942年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
这一年没有颁发诺贝尔奖。奖金的1/3分配给主基金，2/3分配给该奖项的特别基金。

1941年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
这一年没有颁发诺贝尔奖。奖金的1/3分配给主基金，2/3分配给该奖项的特别基金。

1940年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
这一年没有颁发诺贝尔奖。奖金的1/3分配给主基金，2/3分配给该奖项的特别基金。

1939年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
格哈德-多马格克 "因发现普隆托西尔的抗菌作用"

1938年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
科内尔-让-弗朗索瓦-海曼斯 "因为发现了静脉窦和主动脉机制在呼吸调节中的作用"

1937年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
阿尔伯特-冯-圣吉-纳吉拉波尔特 "表彰他在生物燃烧过程方面的发现，特别是维生素C和富马酸的催化作用"

1936年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
亨利-哈莱特-戴尔爵士和奥托-洛维 "因其发现与神经冲动的化学传递有关"

1935年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
汉斯-斯佩曼 "因为他发现了胚胎发育中的组织者效应"

1934年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
乔治-霍伊特-惠普尔、乔治-理查德-米诺和威廉-帕里-墨菲 "因其在贫血症的肝脏治疗方面的发现"

1933年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
托马斯-亨特-摩根 "表彰他对染色体在遗传中的作用的发现"

1932年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
查尔斯-斯科特-谢林顿爵士和埃德加-道格拉斯-阿德里安 "因其对神经元功能的发现"

1931年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
奥托-海因里希-沃伯格 "因为他发现了呼吸酶的性质和作用方式"

1930年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
卡尔-兰德斯坦纳 "因其发现人类血型"

1929年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
克里斯蒂安-艾克曼（Christiaan Eijkman）"因为他发现了抗神经病的维生素"

弗雷德里克-高兰-霍普金斯爵士 "因为他发现了刺激生长的维生素"

1928年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
查尔斯-儒勒-亨利-尼科勒 "因其对斑疹伤寒的研究"

1927年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
朱利叶斯-瓦格纳-焦雷格 "因其发现疟疾接种对治疗瘫痪性痴呆的治疗价值"

1926年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
约翰内斯-安德烈亚斯-格里布-菲比格 "表彰他发现了螺旋藻类的癌变"

1925年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
这一年没有颁发诺贝尔奖。奖金被分配给该奖项部的特别基金。

1924年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
Willem Einthoven "因为他发现了心电图的机制"

1923年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
弗雷德里克-格兰特-班廷和约翰-詹姆斯-里卡德-麦克劳德 "因发现了胰岛素"

1922年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
阿奇博尔德-维维安-希尔（Archibald Vivian Hill）"因为他发现了与肌肉中产生的热量有关的问题"

奥托-弗里茨-梅耶霍夫 "表彰他发现了氧气的消耗和肌肉中乳酸的代谢之间的固定关系"

1921年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
这一年没有颁发诺贝尔奖。奖金被分配给本奖部的特别基金。

1920年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
Schack August Steenberg Krogh "因为他发现了毛细血管的运动调节机制"

1919年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
儒勒-波代 "因其在免疫方面的发现"

1918年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
这一年没有颁发诺贝尔奖。奖金被分配给该奖项部分的特别基金。

1917年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
这一年没有颁发诺贝尔奖。奖金被分配给本奖区的特别基金。

1916年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
这一年没有颁发诺贝尔奖。奖金被分配给本奖区的特别基金。

1915年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
这一年没有颁发诺贝尔奖。奖金被分配给本奖区的特别基金。

1914年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
罗伯特-巴拉尼 "因其对前庭装置的生理学和病理学的研究"。

1913年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
查尔斯-罗伯特-里谢 "表彰他在过敏性休克方面的工作"

1912年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
亚历克西斯-卡雷尔 "以表彰他在血管缝合和血管及器官移植方面的工作"

1911年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
阿瓦尔-古尔斯特朗 "表彰他在眼球二维结构方面的工作"。

1910年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
阿尔布雷希特-科塞尔 "表彰他在蛋白质（包括核物质）方面的工作对我们的细胞化学知识的贡献"

1909年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
埃米尔-西奥多-科赫 "表彰他在甲状腺的生理学、病理学和外科方面的工作"

1908年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
伊利亚-伊里奇-梅契尼科夫和保罗-埃利希 "以表彰他们在免疫方面的工作"

1907年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran "以表彰他在原生动物致病作用方面的工作"

1906年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
卡米洛-高尔基和圣地亚哥-拉蒙-卡哈尔 "以表彰他们对神经系统结构的研究"。

1905年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
罗伯特-科赫 "表彰他在结核病方面的调查和发现"

1904年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
伊万-彼得罗维奇-巴甫洛夫 "以表彰他在消化生理学方面的工作，通过这些工作，该主题的重要方面的知识得到了转变和扩大"

1903年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
尼尔斯-雷伯格-芬森（Niels Ryberg Finsen） "表彰他在用聚光辐射治疗疾病，特别是寻常狼疮方面的贡献，他据此为医学科学开辟了一条新途径"

1902年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
罗纳德-罗斯 "表彰他在疟疾方面的工作，通过这项工作，他展示了疟疾如何进入机体，从而为成功研究这种疾病和防治方法奠定了基础"

1901年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
埃米尔-阿道夫-冯-贝林 "表彰他在血清疗法方面的工作，特别是对白喉的应用，他通过这项工作在医学领域开辟了一条新的道路，从而使医生掌握了对付疾病和死亡的胜利武器"

引用本节内容
MLA风格。所有诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。NobelPrize.org. 诺贝尔奖外展AB 2022。Mon. 3 Oct 2022. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prize ... siology-or-medicine>