2022.02.18俄罗斯总统普京入侵乌克兰

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President Joe Biden said he was convinced that Vladimir Putin, Russia’s president, has decided to invade Ukraine and attack its capital, Kyiv, within days. Mr Biden reiterated that America would not send troops to defend Ukraine, but would continue to send arms and financial aid. The United States embassy relocated from Kyiv to Lviv, in western Ukraine, earlier in the week. Mr Putin will oversee nuclear drills this weekend, ratcheting up tensions further.

Police in Ottawa said they arrested 70 protesters in a crackdown against the truck convoy that has blockaded the Canadian capital’s downtown for nearly three weeks. Protesters were angry about covid-19 restrictions and vaccine mandates. This week Justin Trudeau, Canada’s prime minister, invoked a 34-year-old emergency law for the first time in order to quell the demonstrations.

America’s Federal Reserve overhauled trading rules for its leadership and staff in the wake of scandals that caused three senior officials to resign. The new rules will bar senior officials from trading assets including stocks, bonds and cryptocurrencies. Last year it was revealed that two regional bank presidents and a vice-chair were trading as the central bank launched measures to bolster the economy against the effects of the pandemic.

Health authorities in Malawi declared a polio outbreak, after Africa’s first wild case since 2016 was found in a three-year-old child. World Health Organisation officials said the case was likely imported from Pakistan, one of two countries where polio is endemic (the other being Afghanistan). On Thursday Bill Gates told reporters in Pakistan that polio could be eradicated in the coming years.

Stockmarkets shuddered at the prospect of war in Ukraine, with several big indices falling. On Thursday America’s Dow Jones Industrial Average shed 1.8% in its worst session of 2022. Sell-offs this year have already wiped over $3trn from the total stockmarket value of firms listed in America. In Asia several major stockmarkets opened lower on Friday and then fell further.

People view climate change as the biggest threat to world security, according to a survey commissioned ahead of the Munich Security conference. Despite the poll coinciding with the start of military tension between Russia and Ukraine in November, the 12,000 people questioned globally listed global warming, habitat destruction and extreme weather as the three most notable risks.

Tesla, an electric-car maker, accused the Securities and Exchange Commission, the main regulator of America’s stock markets, of “unrelenting” harassment of Elon Musk, its chief executive. In 2018 the SEC sued Mr Musk for a misleading tweet about taking Tesla public. Since then, Tesla asserted, the SEC has launched several investigations, mostly motivated by Mr Musk’s outspoken criticism of the government.

Fact of the day: 1,000, roughly the number of roadkill-salvage permits Montana’s Fish and Wildlife Commission issues each year. Read the full article.


Hard times at EDF

PHOTO: REUTERS
Once Electricité de France was a source of national pride. But the outlook for France’s state-controlled, quasi-monopolistic electricity provider, which serves 88% of French homes, is bleak. When EDF reported its financial results for 2021 on Friday, it said production could fall this year, partly owing to outages at 44 reactors for maintenance and inspection. Little wonder then that the state is lending a hand. The government plans to inject more than €2bn into the troubled utility, following up an earlier announcement to build at least six colossal nuclear reactors at existing sites starting in 2028.

Energy prices are already under upward pressure because Russia is curtailing its supply of natural gas to western Europe as a bargaining chip in the Ukraine crisis. And because of the outages France had at times to import expensive electricity, which in turn reduced supply for Germany and other countries that rely on EDF’s nuclear energy.


A notable absence at the Munich Security Conference

PHOTO: PA
Rarely has the Munich Security Conference, an annual diplomatic gabfest, taken place amid such threats to European security. Covid-19 means that this year’s event, which runs from Friday to Sunday, will be much smaller than the usual teeming affair. But the Russian troops massing on Ukraine’s borders, and worrying signs of shelling in the country’s contested east, will concentrate minds. More than 30 heads of state—among them Volodymyr Zelensky, Ukraine’s president—and 100 government ministers plan to attend. Kamala Harris, America’s vice-president, will lead a high-powered delegation.

A notable absentee will be the country on everyone’s mind. For the first time in two decades, there will be no Russian delegation. Sergei Lavrov, the combative foreign minister, usually shows up. In 2007 an aggressive speech by Vladimir Putin at the conference signalled Russia’s turn from the West. This year, much of the conversation will be about Russia—but not with it.

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The debate over trans athletes

PHOTO: AP
College sport is popular in America. But this year’s women’s Ivy League swimming and diving championships, which began on Wednesday, are attracting more attention than usual, thanks to the presence of Lia Thomas of the University of Pennsylvania. She is a transgender woman, meaning she was born male but identifies, and competes, as a woman. Despite reportedly taking hormone-blocking drugs and oestrogen for two and a half years, she seems to have an advantage in the pool.

The question of whether to allow trans women to compete in women’s sport is divisive. The International Olympic Committee, whose lead many sports follow, recently announced a further loosening of restrictions for trans women in women’s sports. British sporting bodies, by contrast, said in September that it was impossible to allow trans women to compete fairly with natal women. World Rugby has barred them from the international women’s game, though many national unions have not followed suit. Whatever happens in the pool, this argument will not go away.

Vaccines in shipping containers

PHOTO: DPA
BioNTech, which co-developed a revolutionary mRNA covid-19 vaccine in partnership with Pfizer, hopes to revolutionise another area of pharmaceuticals: vaccine manufacturing. It is developing vaccine factories to sit inside a series of standard metal shipping containers, which it plans to send to parts of the world that lack their own vaccine-manufacturing capabilities—notably Africa.

By standardising the factories, BioNTech hopes to create a reliable, repeatable way to meet pharmaceutical manufacturing standards. Transferring the very complicated recipe for vaccines from one facility to another is normally time-consuming and difficult. BioNTech hopes that with the containers the process can be transferred from traditional factories just once and then rapidly cloned around the world. Each facility, BioNTech says, will be able to produce up to 60m doses of covid vaccines and other vaccines each year, and will cost “significantly less” than conventional factories. If so, this could be the future of drugmaking.


Democracy dashed in Zimbabwe

PHOTO: GETTY IMAGES
In 2017, the ousting of Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe’s dictator, in a military coup, prompted hopes of change in the country’s corrupt, violent politics. Nelson Chamisa, the charismatic opposition leader, came to symbolise the popular demand for free and fair elections. The following year he ran against—and lost to—the incumbent president, Emmerson Mnangagwa, in an election marred by the customary intimidation and vote-rigging. Camilla Nielsson’s film “President” is an intimate portrait of a hopeful moment in Zimbabwe’s past, and how it was crushed.

The fervour around the elections is palpable, as is the violence that follows them. In a pivotal courthouse scene, the camera pans from the opposition’s legal documents showing the elections were fraudulent to the police stockpiling batons. “President” won a Sundance Special Jury Award for Verité Filmmaking. The documentary raises a hand to those who, like Mr Chamisa, have the courage to fight for democracy.

Daily quiz

The quiz is back. Our baristas will serve you a new question each day. On Friday your challenge is to give all five answers and tell us the connecting theme. Email your responses (and include mention of your home city and country) by 1700 GMT today to QuizEspresso@economist.com. We’ll pick randomly from those with the right answers and crown one winner per continent on Saturday.

Friday: Which political organisation was formed by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in 1966?

Health can be good. The disease can sometimes be even better. Illnesses are questions, they are also tasks, even honours. It all depends on how one notes them.

Ernst Jünger




世界简讯
迅速了解重要的全球事件

3小时前更新 (22:51 GMT / 17:51 New York)


美国总统拜登(Joe Biden)表示，他确信俄罗斯总统普京(Vladimir Putin)已决定在几天内入侵乌克兰并攻击其首都基辅。拜登先生重申，美国不会派兵保卫乌克兰，但会继续提供武器和财政援助。本周早些时候，美国大使馆从基辅迁至乌克兰西部的利沃夫。普京先生将在本周末监督核演习，使紧张局势进一步加剧。

渥太华警方表示，他们在镇压卡车车队的行动中逮捕了70名抗议者，该车队已封锁加拿大首都的市中心近三周。抗议者对covid-19的限制和疫苗的规定感到愤怒。本周，加拿大总理贾斯汀-特鲁多首次援引了有34年历史的紧急法，以平息示威活动。

美国联邦储备委员会在导致三名高级官员辞职的丑闻发生后，对其领导层和工作人员的交易规则进行了全面修订。新规则将禁止高级官员交易包括股票、债券和加密货币在内的资产。去年，据透露，在中央银行推出措施以支持经济应对大流行病的影响时，两名地区银行行长和一名副主席正在交易。

马拉维的卫生当局宣布爆发小儿麻痹症，此前在一名三岁儿童身上发现了自2016年以来的首个野生病例。世界卫生组织官员表示，该病例可能是从巴基斯坦传入的，巴基斯坦是小儿麻痹症流行的两个国家之一（另一个是阿富汗）。周四，比尔-盖茨在巴基斯坦告诉记者，脊髓灰质炎可能在未来几年内被根除。

股票市场因乌克兰战争的前景而颤抖，几个大的指数都在下跌。周四，美国道琼斯工业平均指数下跌1.8%，是2022年以来最糟糕的一次。今年的抛售已经使在美国上市的公司的总市值减少了30多亿美元。在亚洲，几个主要股票市场周五开盘下跌，然后进一步下跌。

根据慕尼黑安全会议前的一项调查，人们认为气候变化是对世界安全的最大威胁。尽管这项调查恰逢俄罗斯和乌克兰在11月开始出现军事紧张局势，但全球1.2万名受访者将全球变暖、栖息地破坏和极端天气列为最显著的三大风险。

电动汽车制造商特斯拉指责美国股市的主要监管机构--证券交易委员会对其首席执行官埃隆-马斯克进行了 "无情的 "骚扰。2018年，美国证券交易委员会起诉了马斯克先生，因为他在推特上发布了关于特斯拉上市的误导性消息。特斯拉断言，自那时起，美国证券交易委员会已经启动了几项调查，其动机主要是马斯克先生对政府的直言不讳的批评。

今天的事实。1,000个，大约是蒙大拿州渔业和野生动物委员会每年发放的路产破坏许可证的数量。阅读全文。


EDF的困难时期

照片。REUTERS
法国电力公司曾经是国家骄傲的来源。但是，为88%的法国家庭提供服务的法国国家控制的准垄断性电力供应商的前景是暗淡的。当EDF在周五报告其2021年的财务业绩时，它说今年的产量可能会下降，部分原因是44个反应堆因维护和检查而停工。因此，难怪国家会伸出援手。政府计划向这个陷入困境的公用事业公司注入超过20亿欧元的资金，此前曾宣布从2028年开始在现有场地建造至少6个巨大的核反应堆。

能源价格已经面临上升的压力，因为俄罗斯正在削减对西欧的天然气供应，作为乌克兰危机中的一个谈判筹码。而由于停电，法国有时不得不进口昂贵的电力，这反过来又减少了对德国和其他依赖EDF核能的国家的供应。


慕尼黑安全会议上的一个值得注意的缺席

照片。PA
慕尼黑安全会议是一年一度的外交盛宴，很少在欧洲安全受到如此威胁的情况下举行。19日的会议意味着今年从周五到周日的活动将比往常的会议规模要小得多。但是，俄罗斯军队在乌克兰边境集结，以及该国有争议的东部地区出现令人担忧的炮击迹象，将使人们集中注意力。30多位国家元首--其中包括乌克兰总统沃洛季米尔-泽伦斯基--以及100位政府部长计划出席。美国副总统卡马拉-哈里斯(Kamala Harris)将率领一个高权力的代表团。

一个值得注意的缺席者将是每个人都关心的国家。二十年来第一次没有俄罗斯代表团参加。谢尔盖-拉夫罗夫，这位好斗的外交部长通常会出现。2007年，弗拉基米尔-普京在会议上的一次激进演讲标志着俄罗斯从西方转向。今年，大部分的对话将是关于俄罗斯的，但不是与俄罗斯的。

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每周六次在早餐前送达。

报名
关于变性运动员的辩论

照片。美联社
大学体育在美国很受欢迎。但由于宾夕法尼亚大学的利亚-托马斯的出现，今年周三开始的常春藤联盟女子游泳和跳水锦标赛比以往吸引了更多关注。她是一名变性人，这意味着她生来就是男性，但却认同并以女性的身份参加比赛。尽管据说她服用了两年半的荷尔蒙阻断药物和雌激素，但她似乎在泳池里有优势。

是否允许变性妇女参加女子体育比赛的问题是有分歧的。国际奥林匹克委员会最近宣布进一步放宽对变性妇女参加女子运动的限制，许多运动都遵循该委员会的领导。相比之下，英国体育机构在9月表示，不可能允许变性妇女与本国妇女公平竞争。世界橄榄球协会已经禁止她们参加国际女子比赛，尽管许多国家联盟没有效仿。无论泳池里发生什么，这种争论都不会消失。

航运集装箱中的疫苗

照片。DPA
与辉瑞公司合作开发了革命性的mRNA covid-19疫苗的BioNTech公司，希望能彻底改变制药的另一个领域：疫苗制造。它正在开发位于一系列标准金属集装箱内的疫苗工厂，并计划将其送往世界上缺乏疫苗制造能力的地区，特别是非洲。

通过使工厂标准化，BioNTech希望创造一种可靠的、可重复的方式来满足药品生产标准。将非常复杂的疫苗配方从一个工厂转移到另一个工厂，通常既费时又费力。BioNTech希望通过容器，该过程可以从传统的工厂转移一次，然后迅速在世界各地克隆。BioNTech说，每个设施每年将能够生产多达6千万剂量的牛痘疫苗和其他疫苗，而且成本将比传统工厂 "低很多"。如果是这样，这可能是制药业的未来。


津巴布韦的民主破灭

照片。GETTY IMAGES
2017年，津巴布韦的独裁者罗伯特-穆加贝在一场军事政变中被推翻，促使人们对该国腐败、暴力的政治产生了改变的希望。魅力十足的反对派领导人纳尔逊-查米萨(Nelson Chamisa)象征着民众对自由和公平选举的要求。第二年，他与现任总统埃默森-姆南加古瓦(Emmerson Mnangagwa)竞选，并在一次被惯常的恐吓和操纵选票行为破坏的选举中败北。卡米拉-尼尔森的电影《总统》是对津巴布韦过去一个充满希望的时刻以及它如何被粉碎的亲密写照。

围绕选举的狂热是可想而知的，就像选举之后的暴力一样。在一个关键的法庭场景中，镜头从反对派的法律文件显示选举是虚假的转到警察储存的警棍上。"总统》获得了圣丹斯电影节评审团特别奖，以表彰真实的电影制作。这部纪录片向那些像查米萨先生一样有勇气为民主而战的人举手示意。

每日问答

测验回来了。我们的咖啡师每天都会为您提供一个新问题。在星期五，你的挑战是给出所有五个答案，并告诉我们连接的主题。在今天格林尼治标准时间17点之前，将你的回答（包括提到你的家乡和国家）发到 QuizEspresso@economist.com。我们将从那些有正确答案的人中随机挑选，并在周六为每个大洲加冕一个赢家。

星期五。哪个政治组织是由鲍比-西尔和休伊-牛顿在1966年成立的？

健康可以是好的。疾病有时甚至可以更好。疾病是问题，它们也是任务，甚至是荣誉。这一切都取决于人们如何注意到它们。

恩斯特-琼格