2018.10.21文基-拉马克里什南 诺贝尔奖的分子生物学家

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Venki Ramakrishnan is a Nobel Prize-winning molecular biologist.

He is most renowned for his research into the atomic structure of the ribosome - a complex molecule in the cell which translates DNA into chains of amino acids that build proteins, the essence of life. This work eventually secured Venki a Nobel Prize in 2009, which he shared with Ada Yonath and Thomas Steitz.

Venki was born in Tamil Nadu, in the south of India. Both his parents were scientists, and both pursued postgraduate studies overseas when Venki was very young. He completed his schooling in India, and then moved to the United States. Life on an American campus in the early 1970s was, he recalls, a culture shock for a self-confessed nerdy young Indian. He completed a PhD in Physics in 1976, but then switched to biology which he felt was a more exciting discipline. His research into the ribosome began when he was working at Yale as a post-doctoral fellow in the late 1970s.

He moved to the UK in 1999, joining the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge as a group leader. He was knighted in 2012, and has served as President of the Royal Society since 2015, where he has argued that science should enjoy a central place in the curriculum and in our wider culture.



文基-拉马克里什南是一位获得诺贝尔奖的分子生物学家。

他因研究核糖体的原子结构而闻名，核糖体是细胞中的一个复杂分子，它将DNA转化为氨基酸链，从而构建蛋白质，即生命的本质。这项工作最终使文基获得了2009年的诺贝尔奖，他与阿达-约纳斯和托马斯-施泰茨分享了这一奖项。

文奇出生在印度南部的泰米尔纳德邦。他的父母都是科学家，在文奇很小的时候，他们都在海外攻读研究生课程。他在印度完成了学业，然后搬到了美国。他回忆说，1970年代初美国校园的生活对一个自认为是书呆子的印度青年来说是一种文化冲击。他在1976年完成了物理学博士学位，但后来转到了生物学，他觉得这是一门更令人兴奋的学科。他对核糖体的研究始于20世纪70年代末他在耶鲁大学担任博士后时。

他于1999年移居英国，加入剑桥的分子生物学实验室，担任小组组长。他在2012年被授予爵士称号，并从2015年起担任英国皇家学会主席，他主张科学应该在课程和我们更广泛的文化中享有核心地位。