2022.03.14 中国向俄罗斯提供军事援助

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A spokesperson for China’s embassy in Washington said he had “never heard” of a Kremlin request that China provide it with military equipment to aid its invasion of Ukraine—as has been claimed by American officials. The spokesman said that his country’s priority was to ensure the conflict does not escalate. Jake Sullivan, America’s national security adviser, will meet Yang Jiechi, a senior Chinese official, in Rome on Monday. The White House announced the meeting as part of “ongoing efforts” to manage competition between America and China and to discuss the impact of Russia’s assault on Ukraine.

Russia and Ukraine resumed peace talks on Monday with a tad more optimism, after both sides reported productive discussions over the weekend. Ukraine said it would seek a ceasefire, the immediate withdrawal of troops and security guarantees, with one negotiator noting that Russia was beginning to talk “constructively”. Meanwhile, its neighbour is continuing its onslaught and edging closer to the capital.

Russia shelled an aircraft manufacturing plant on the outskirts of Kyiv, according to authorities in the Ukrainian capital. One person died after a residential building in the city was also hit. Meanwhile, Ukraine’s deputy prime minister said more than 140,000 civilians had been evacuated from conflict zones but that a humanitarian convoy failed to reach Mariupol, a besieged port city in south-eastern Ukraine. It was hit by at least 22 Russian strikes over the weekend. More than 2,100 residents have been killed so far, according to local officials. The city council said that the last reserves of food and water were running out.

Ukraine’s president, Volodymyr Zelensky, again called on NATO to implement a no-fly zone over his country, after at least 35 people were killed by a Russian missile attack on a military training base in western Ukraine. Over a hundred more were injured.

Britain’s defence ministry said that the Russian navy has established a “distant blockade” of Ukraine’s Black Sea coast, “effectively isolating Ukraine from international maritime trade”. It also said that Russia may again attempt an amphibious landing in the Sea of Azov in the coming weeks.

The sanctions imposed on Russia may cause the country to default on its debts but that would not cause a global financial crisis, according to the IMF. Kristalina Georgieva, the fund’s managing director, said that while a default is no longer “improbable”, the total exposure of banks to Russia was “not systemically relevant” at around $120bn.

Other news

Iran promised to stay in talks to revive an international nuclear deal until an agreement is reached. Negotiations stalled last week because of last-minute demands from Russia that it should also be exempted from sanctions • China placed Shenzhen, a city of 17m people that borders Hong Kong, into lockdown, as it attempts to contain a growing outbreak of Omicron. Nearly 3,500 cases were reported across the country on Sunday • Australia and the Netherlands launched legal action against Russia for the downing of MH17, a Malaysian Airlines flight, over Ukraine in 2014. The two countries hope that the International Civil Aviation Organisation will penalise Russia

Fact of the day: Over 2.5m people, or 6% of Ukraine’s population, have crossed into neighbouring countries. Read the full article.


Inflation looms in India

PHOTO: GETTY IMAGES
Oil prices may be soaring but in India the cost of fuel has not budged—yet. India imports around 85% of its black stuff but state-owned fuel companies have resisted putting up prices for more than four months, in part because of looming state elections. But last week the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party secured a big electoral success in Uttar Pradesh, the country’s most populous state; fuel prices are expected to rise any day.

This will do nothing to help the post-covid economic recovery, but it will add to growing concerns over inflation. In January the annual rate of inflation passed 6%, the central bank's upper limit. The rate in February, provisional data for which was released on Monday, was almost identical at 6.1%. India may be steering clear from the conflict in Ukraine diplomatically, but its economy will feel the effects.

War in Ukraine is ravaging the world’s wheat supplies

PHOTO: REUTERS
On Monday Russia releases data on its latest wheat export volumes. They will not be a cause for alarm: wheat is usually harvested in the summer, and by February most ships are gone. But the future is more worrying. Russia and Ukraine account for 29% of global wheat exports. In Ukraine the crop may not be planted at all this year; Russia’s ostracism means few will want to take the financial and reputational risk of buying its grain. Both have banned wheat exports anyway.

Yet Russia and Ukraine are the prime breadbasket for about 800m people in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The warring countries are also among the top five exporters of many other staples, from barley to sunflowers. Altogether their food exports account for 12% of globally-traded calories. Russia and Belarus, which is also under sanctions, are major suppliers of critical ingredients for fertilisers. However the war ends, it will cause people to go hungry.


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Olaf Scholz discusses Russia in Turkey

Germany’s chancellor, Olaf Scholz, will visit Turkey’s president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, in Ankara on Monday to discuss Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, among other things. After a cautious reaction when Russia first threatened Ukraine, Germany’s stance has toughened. The country has frozen the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, supplied Ukraine with weapons and pledged to increase its own defence spending.

Turkey has been treading more softly, for fear of economic retribution from Russia. Mr Erdogan is selling armed drones to Ukraine and opposes Russia’s aggression, but refuses to back sanctions against Russia. In a conversation with Vladimir Putin, Russia’s president, last week, he even offered the warmonger a lifeline, suggesting that trade between Turkey, a NATO member, and Russia be conducted in Russian rubles, Chinese yuan, or gold. This could undermine Western sanctions on Russia. Mr Scholz will no doubt try to persuade Mr Erdogan that Turkey’s friendship with Mr Putin has run its course.

Hope and dread in Ukraine

PHOTO: GETTY IMAGES
After 18 days of brutal fighting, is the war in Ukraine spreading or heading for a pause? Perhaps both. On Sunday a Russian air raid on a Ukrainian base close to the Polish border, used until recently by NATO instructors, killed 35 people and injured more than 130. A major strike so far west is unusual, and may indicate Russia’s attempt to make good on its threat to attack Western supplies of weapons to Ukraine.

Meanwhile, Russian and Ukrainian negotiators are reporting progress after their talks that began in Belarus have continued over video. Legal drafts are being prepared for possible signing by the presidents, Vladimir Putin and Volodymyr Zelensky. The content is still unclear. Will Ukraine surrender territory or accept neutrality? What security guarantees or compensation will it receive in return? Scepticism abounds: local ceasefires have not always stopped Russia from shooting. The details of any accord are being written on the battlefield.


Racing huskies

PHOTO: REUTERS
Every March for the past 50 years professional mushers—the people who drive dog-sleds—have congregated in Anchorage, the largest city in Alaska, for a long-distance race. The Iditarod route traverses over 1,000 miles across the state, ending in Nome, a town on the Bering Sea. The terrain is tough: mushers and their dogs must contend with forests, mountains and rivers in weather that is, at best, chilly and at worst, highly dangerous. Competitors in the 2022 race departed last week.

Advances in equipment and training mean that mushers are completing the race at increasing speeds. The inaugural Iditarod was won by Dick Wilmarth in just over 20 days, but since 1995 every winner has reached Nome in fewer than ten. Last year Dallas Seavey set a new record of seven days and 14 hours. The race is not without intrigue. In 2017 four of Mr Seavey’s dogs tested positive for a banned substance that relieves pain. Mr Seavey was eventually exonerated, but the mystery doper was never identified.

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中国驻华盛顿大使馆发言人表示，他 "从未听说 "克里姆林宫要求中国向其提供军事装备以帮助其入侵乌克兰--正如美国官员所说的那样。该发言人说，他的国家的优先事项是确保冲突不升级。美国的国家安全顾问Jake Sullivan将于周一在罗马会见中国高级官员杨洁篪。白宫宣布这次会晤是管理美国和中国之间竞争的 "持续努力 "的一部分，并讨论俄罗斯攻击乌克兰的影响。

俄罗斯和乌克兰周一恢复了和平谈判，在双方报告周末进行了富有成效的讨论之后，双方的乐观情绪稍稍高涨。乌克兰表示，它将寻求停火、立即撤军和安全保障，一位谈判代表指出，俄罗斯正开始 "建设性 "地进行谈判。与此同时，其邻国正在继续其攻击，并向首都逼近。

据乌克兰首都当局称，俄罗斯炮击了基辅郊区的一家飞机制造厂。该市的一栋住宅楼也被击中，有一人死亡。与此同时，乌克兰副总理说，超过14万名平民已经从冲突地区撤离，但一个人道主义车队未能到达乌克兰东南部被围困的港口城市马里乌波尔。上周末，该市至少遭到22次俄罗斯的袭击。据当地官员称，到目前为止，已有超过2100名居民被杀。市议会表示，最后的食物和水储备正在耗尽。

乌克兰总统沃洛基米尔-泽伦斯基(Volodymyr Zelensky)再次呼吁北约在其国家上空实施禁飞区，此前俄罗斯对乌克兰西部的一个军事训练基地的导弹袭击造成至少35人死亡。还有一百多人受伤。

英国国防部表示，俄罗斯海军已经对乌克兰的黑海海岸进行了 "远距离封锁"，"有效地将乌克兰与国际海上贸易隔离开来"。它还说，俄罗斯可能在未来几周再次尝试在亚速海进行两栖登陆。

国际货币基金组织称，对俄罗斯实施的制裁可能导致该国拖欠债务，但这不会造成全球金融危机。该基金的总经理Kristalina Georgieva说，虽然违约不再是 "不可能的"，但银行对俄罗斯的总风险敞口约为1200亿美元，"没有系统性的关联"。

其他新闻

伊朗承诺将继续参加恢复国际核协议的谈判，直到达成协议。谈判上周陷入僵局，因为俄罗斯在最后一刻要求它也应被豁免于制裁 - 中国将拥有1700万人口、与香港接壤的城市深圳封锁起来，因为它试图控制日益严重的欧米茄的爆发。周日全国各地报告了近3500个病例 - 澳大利亚和荷兰就2014年马来西亚航空公司MH17航班在乌克兰上空被击落一事对俄罗斯发起了法律行动。两国希望国际民用航空组织能对俄罗斯进行处罚

今天的事实。超过250万人，即乌克兰人口的6%，已经越境进入邻国。阅读全文。


印度的通货膨胀迫在眉睫

照片。GETTY IMAGES
油价可能在飙升，但在印度，燃料的成本还没有动摇--迄今为止。印度大约85%的黑油都是进口的，但国有燃料公司四个多月来一直抵制涨价，部分原因是各邦选举在即。但上周，执政的印度人民党在该国人口最多的北方邦取得了巨大的选举成功；预计燃料价格随时会上涨。

这将无助于冷战后的经济复苏，但它将增加对通货膨胀的日益担忧。1月份，年通货膨胀率超过了6%，即中央银行的上限。周一公布的2月份临时数据显示，2月份的通胀率几乎相同，为6.1%。印度可能在外交上避开了乌克兰的冲突，但其经济将感受到这种影响。

乌克兰的战争正在蹂躏世界的小麦供应

照片。REUTERS
周一，俄罗斯公布了其最新的小麦出口量数据。这些数据不会引起恐慌：小麦通常在夏季收割，到2月份时，大多数船只都会离开。但未来的情况更令人担忧。俄罗斯和乌克兰占全球小麦出口的29%。在乌克兰，今年可能根本不会种植小麦；俄罗斯的排斥意味着很少有人愿意承担购买其粮食的财务和声誉风险。反正这两个国家都禁止小麦出口。

然而，俄罗斯和乌克兰是非洲、亚洲和中东地区约8亿人的主要粮仓。这两个交战国也是许多其他主食的前五大出口国，从大麦到向日葵。它们的粮食出口总共占全球交易热量的12%。俄罗斯和白俄罗斯也受到制裁，它们是化肥关键成分的主要供应商。无论战争如何结束，它都会导致人们挨饿。


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奥拉夫-肖尔茨在土耳其讨论俄罗斯问题

德国总理奥拉夫-肖尔茨将于周一在安卡拉访问土耳其总统雷杰普-塔伊普-埃尔多安，讨论俄罗斯入侵乌克兰等问题。在俄罗斯首次威胁乌克兰时的谨慎反应之后，德国的立场已经变得强硬。该国已经冻结了北溪2号天然气管道，向乌克兰提供武器，并承诺增加自己的国防开支。

由于担心俄罗斯的经济报复，土耳其的态度一直比较缓和。埃尔多安先生正在向乌克兰出售武装无人机，并反对俄罗斯的侵略行为，但拒绝支持对俄罗斯的制裁。在上周与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔-普京的谈话中，他甚至向这个战争贩子提供了一条生命线，建议土耳其（北约成员国）和俄罗斯之间的贸易以俄罗斯卢布、人民币或黄金进行。这可能会破坏西方对俄罗斯的制裁。肖尔茨先生无疑将试图说服埃尔多安先生，土耳其与普京先生的友谊已经走到了尽头。

乌克兰的希望和恐惧

照片。GETTY IMAGES
经过18天的残酷战斗，乌克兰的战争是在蔓延还是走向停顿？也许两者都是。周日，俄罗斯对靠近波兰边境的一个乌克兰基地进行了空袭，该基地直到最近才由北约教官使用，造成35人死亡，130多人受伤。在西部这么远的地方进行重大打击是不寻常的，这可能表明俄罗斯试图兑现其攻击西方向乌克兰提供武器的威胁。

与此同时，俄罗斯和乌克兰的谈判人员报告说，他们在白俄罗斯开始的会谈通过视频继续进行，并取得了进展。正在准备法律草案，以便总统弗拉基米尔-普京和沃洛基米尔-泽伦斯基可能签署。内容仍不清楚。乌克兰将交出领土还是接受中立？它将得到哪些安全保障或补偿作为回报？怀疑的声音比比皆是：地方停火协议并不总是能阻止俄罗斯的射击。任何协议的细节都是在战场上书写的。


赛跑的哈士奇

照片。REUTERS
在过去的50年里，每年三月，专业的驯兽师--驾驶狗拉雪橇的人--都会聚集在阿拉斯加最大的城市安克雷奇，参加长距离比赛。艾迪塔罗德比赛的路线横跨该州1000多英里，终点是白令海上的一个小镇诺姆。地形是艰难的：驯兽师和他们的狗必须与森林、山脉和河流抗争，天气最好是寒冷，最坏是高度危险。参加2022年比赛的选手于上周出发。

设备和训练方面的进步意味着驯兽师完成比赛的速度越来越快。首届艾迪塔罗德赛是由迪克-威尔马特在20多天内赢得的，但自1995年以来，每一位冠军都在不到10天内到达诺姆。去年，Dallas Seavey创造了7天14小时的新纪录。这场比赛并非没有阴谋。2017年，Seavey先生的四只狗在一种缓解疼痛的违禁物质检测中呈阳性。Seavey先生最终被开释，但神秘的吸毒者从未被确认。

每日问答

我们的咖啡师每天都会为您提供一个新问题。在周五，你的挑战是给出所有五个答案，并告诉我们连接的主题。在周五格林尼治标准时间17点之前，将你的回答（包括提到你的家乡和国家）发到 QuizEspresso@economist.com。我们将从那些有正确答案的人中随机挑选，并在周六为每个大洲的一位获胜者颁奖。

周一。哪位杂志编辑被广泛认为是《穿普拉达的恶魔》一书和电影中老板的原型？

我的目标很简单。它是对宇宙的完全理解。

斯蒂芬-霍金