大卫-格罗斯 物理学家

shiyi18

David Gross
Physicist | Class of 1987
Title
Physicist
Location
Princeton, New Jersey
Age
46 at time of award
Area of Focus
Physics
Website
University of California, Santa Barbara: David Gross
Published July 1, 1987
ABOUT DAVID'S WORK
David Gross, a theoretical physicist, is a leader in the study of particle physics.

Gross is among those who originated the heterotic string theory, which has a strong potential for explaining the physical universe.  He has had a major impact on gauge field theory, and was the co-discoverer of asymptotic freedom, the basic feature of quantum chromodynamics, which holds that the closer quarks are to each other, the less the strong interaction between them; when quarks are in extreme proximity, the nuclear force between them is so weak that they behave almost as free particles. Gross’s contributions made possible the completion of the standard model of particle physics, and constitute an important step in providing a unified description of all the forces of nature, regardless of the spatial scale.

BIOGRAPHY
Gross was a Junior Fellow at Harvard University (1966-1969) and a professor holding several endowed chair appointments, at Princeton University (1969-1997).  In 1997, he became a professor and the director of the Kavli Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he was named the first Frederick W. Gluck Professor in Theoretical Physics in 2002.

Gross received a B.Sc. (1962) from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a Ph.D. (1966) from the University of California, Berkeley.

RECENT NEWS
David Gross is Chancellor’s Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics and former director of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at University of California, Santa Barbara. In 2004, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery, with his student Frank Wilczek, of asymptotic freedom. He has also made seminal contributions to the theory of Superstrings. His additional awards include the Sakurai Prize of the American Physical Society (1986), Dirac (1988) and Oscar Klein (2000) Medals, the Harvey Prize of the Technion (2000), the European Physical Society Particle Physics Prize (2003), and the Grande Medaille d’Or (2004). He holds honorary degrees from universities in the United States, Britain, France, Israel, Brazil, Belgium, and China, and his memberships include the National Academy of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Indian Academy of Sciences, and the Chinese Academy of Science.

Updated July 2015


大卫-格罗斯
物理学家 | 1987级
职称
物理学家
工作地点
普林斯顿，新泽西
年龄
获奖时46岁
重点领域
物理学
网站
加州大学圣巴巴拉分校：大卫-格罗斯
1987年7月1日出版
关于大卫的工作
大卫-格罗斯是一位理论物理学家，是粒子物理学研究领域的领导者。

格罗斯是异质弦理论的始作俑者之一，该理论在解释物理宇宙方面有很大的潜力。 他对规整场理论产生了重大影响，是渐进自由的共同发现者，这是量子色动力学的基本特征，认为夸克之间越接近，它们之间的强相互作用就越小；当夸克极端接近时，它们之间的核力非常弱，它们几乎表现为自由粒子。格罗斯的贡献使粒子物理学标准模型的完成成为可能，并构成了对自然界所有力量进行统一描述的重要一步，无论空间尺度如何。

个人简历
格罗斯曾是哈佛大学的初级研究员（1966-1969）和普林斯顿大学的教授，拥有几个捐赠讲座的职位（1969-1997）。 1997年，他成为加州大学圣巴巴拉分校卡夫里理论物理研究所的教授和所长，并于2002年被任命为该校理论物理学的第一位弗雷德里克-W-格鲁克教授。

格罗斯在耶路撒冷希伯来大学获得理学士学位（1962年），在加州大学伯克利分校获得博士学位（1966年）。

最近的新闻
大卫-格罗斯是加州大学圣巴巴拉分校理论物理学校长讲座教授和卡夫里理论物理研究所的前所长。2004年，他与他的学生弗兰克-威尔切克发现了渐进自由，因此被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。他还对超弦理论做出了开创性的贡献。他获得的其他奖项包括美国物理学会樱井奖（1986年）、狄拉克奖（1988年）和奥斯卡-克莱因奖（2000年）、以色列理工学院哈维奖（2000年）、欧洲物理学会粒子物理奖（2003年）和Grande Medaille d'Or（2004）。他拥有美国、英国、法国、以色列、巴西、比利时和中国的大学的荣誉学位，他的会员资格包括国家科学院、美国艺术与科学院、美国哲学学会、印度科学院和中国科学院。

2015年7月更新