萨拉-迪尔 法律学者和倡导者

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Sarah Deer
Legal Scholar and Advocate | Class of 2014
Developing policies and legislation that are empowering tribal authorities and reshaping the landscape of support and protection for Native American women at risk for domestic and sexual violence.


Portrait of Sarah Deer
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Title
Legal Scholar and Advocate
Affiliation
William Mitchell College of Law
Location
Saint Paul, Minnesota
Age
41 at time of award
Area of Focus
Human Rights and Human Security, Criminal Justice
Website
University of Kansas: Sarah Deer
Published September 17, 2014
ABOUT SARAH'S WORK
Sarah Deer is a legal scholar and advocate leveraging her deep understanding of tribal and federal law to develop policies and legislation that empower tribal nations to protect Native American women from the pervasive and intractable problem of sexual and domestic violence. Native women living on reservations suffer one of the highest per capita rates of violent crime in the world, but because of limited jurisdictional powers, a lack of resources, and limitations on sentencing authority, tribal courts are often unable to prosecute these crimes, and federal prosecutors decline to take up more than half of the cases that fall under their authority.

A citizen of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation of Oklahoma, Deer has documented in academic scholarship the historical and ideological underpinnings of the failure to adequately protect victims of physical and sexual abuse in Indian Country, and she has worked with grassroots and national organizations attempting to navigate the complex legal and bureaucratic hurdles facing Native victims of violence. This work has allowed her to mediate between sectors within Native communities who disagree on the appropriate role of the U.S. legal system on reservations and on how to most effectively respond to the issue of violence against women. In spearheading a 2007 Amnesty International report, Maze of Injustice, Deer reframed the problem of sexual violence in Indian Country as an international human rights issue. In addition, she brought Native American leaders, health specialists, and women’s advocates together around the intersection between violence against women and tribal governance, thereby launching widespread efforts to reform federal policies that interfere with the ability of tribes to prosecute offenders.

Deer’s efforts were instrumental in the passage of two landmark pieces of legislation: The Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 increases the sentencing power of tribal courts and requires federal district attorneys to provide detailed information to tribal authorities about cases under their jurisdiction that will not be prosecuted. The 2013 reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act restores some of the authority that was stripped from tribal governments by Oliphant v. Suquamish (1978), giving tribal courts the power to prosecute non–Native Americans who assault Native spouses or dating partners or violate a protection order on tribal lands. With her current focus on building tribal infrastructure and reinvigorating the rich history of Native Americans’ pre-colonial criminal justice systems as a source for contemporary laws and policies, Deer is profoundly reshaping the landscape of support and protection for Native American women.

BIOGRAPHY
Sarah Deer received a B.A. (1995) and J.D. (1999) from the University of Kansas. She was a victim advocacy legal specialist and staff attorney at the Tribal Law and Policy Institute (2002–2008) prior to joining the faculty of William Mitchell College of Law in 2009, where she is currently a professor and co-director of the Indian Law Clinic.





萨拉-迪尔
法律学者和倡导者 | 2014级
制定政策和立法，赋予部落当局权力，重塑支持和保护面临家庭暴力和性暴力风险的美国土著妇女的格局。


萨拉-迪尔的画像
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标题
法律学者和倡导者
工作单位
威廉-米切尔法律学院
工作地点
圣保罗，明尼苏达
年龄
获奖时为41岁
重点领域
人权和人类安全, 刑事司法
网站
堪萨斯大学。萨拉-迪尔
发表于2014年9月17日
关于莎拉的工作
萨拉-迪尔是一位法律学者和倡导者，她利用自己对部落和联邦法律的深刻理解，制定政策和立法，赋予部落国家保护美国原住民妇女免受性暴力和家庭暴力这一普遍而棘手的问题。生活在保留地的原住民妇女是世界上人均暴力犯罪率最高的群体之一，但由于司法权有限，缺乏资源，以及对判决权的限制，部落法院往往无法起诉这些罪行，联邦检察官拒绝受理属于其职权范围内的一半以上的案件。

作为俄克拉荷马州穆斯科吉（克里克）族的公民，迪尔在学术研究中记录了印第安国家未能充分保护身体和性虐待受害者的历史和意识形态基础，她与基层和国家组织合作，试图驾驭土著暴力受害者面临的复杂法律和官僚障碍。这项工作使她能够在原住民社区内对美国法律系统在保留地的适当作用以及如何最有效地应对暴力侵害妇女问题持不同意见的部门之间进行调解。在带头编写2007年大赦国际的报告《不公正的迷宫》时，迪尔将印第安人地区的性暴力问题重新规划为一个国际人权问题。此外，她将美国原住民领袖、健康专家和妇女倡导者聚集在一起，讨论对妇女的暴力和部落治理之间的交叉问题，从而发起了广泛的努力，改革干扰部落起诉罪犯能力的联邦政策。

迪尔的努力在通过两项具有里程碑意义的立法方面发挥了作用。2010年的《部落法律和秩序法》增加了部落法庭的判刑权力，并要求联邦地区检察官向部落当局提供有关其管辖范围内不会被起诉的案件的详细信息。2013年重新授权的《针对妇女的暴力法案》恢复了Oliphant诉Suquamish案（1978年）剥夺的部落政府的一些权力，使部落法院有权起诉在部落土地上攻击土著配偶或约会伙伴或违反保护令的非美国土著。迪尔目前的工作重点是建设部落基础设施，重振美国原住民殖民前刑事司法系统的丰富历史，作为当代法律和政策的来源，她正在深刻地重塑对美国原住民妇女的支持和保护。

个人简历
萨拉-迪尔在堪萨斯大学获得了文学学士学位（1995年）和法学博士学位（1999年）。在2009年加入威廉-米切尔法学院之前，她曾是受害者维权法律专家和部落法律和政策研究所的工作人员律师（2002-2008年），目前她是该学院的教授和印第安人法律诊所的共同主任。