琳达-格里菲斯 生物工程师

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Linda Griffith
Bioengineer | Class of 2006
Shaping the frontiers of tissue engineering and synthetic regenerative technologies by designing new methods for fabricating scaffolds on which cultured cells can adhere and grow.


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Title
Bioengineer
Affiliation
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Location
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Age
46 at time of award
Area of Focus
Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Published September 1, 2006
ABOUT LINDA'S WORK
Linda Griffith is a biotechnologist who is shaping the frontiers of tissue engineering and synthetic regenerative technologies. Her early work focused on designing novel substrates for liver cell cultures to allow pharmacologists to test in vitro the efficacy and toxicity of many potential drugs. Griffith has designed several methods for fabricating scaffolds on which cultured cells can adhere and grow. An initial effort used linear polymer gels cross-linked by electron-beam radiation to form star-shaped structures. More recently, she developed a solid-phase method using L-lactic acid for precisely controlling the pore size and surface chemistry of three-dimensional substrates. Using this technique, she has explored the optimal conditions (e.g., pore size, growth media, cell density, fluid dynamics) necessary for liver cells to live and organize into physiologically functional units. With these results, Griffith is developing a powerful tool for exploring the normal function of the liver and the mechanisms of disease that attack it, offering the prospect of significant reduction in the need for future organ replacement or regeneration. Her latest experiments are expanding the use of 3-D scaffolds for growing other cell types, such as blood-forming cells; as with the liver culture studies, these experiments lay the groundwork for building in vitro models of toxicity and cancer metastasis. At the intersection of materials science, cell surface chemistry, physiology, and anatomy, Griffith is extending the limits of biomedical engineering and its applications for diagnosing disease and regenerating damaged organs.

BIOGRAPHY
Linda Griffith received a B.ChE. (1982) from the Georgia Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. (1988) in chemical engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. In 1991, she joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an assistant profesor of chemical engineering (1991-1996), after serving as a postdoctoral associate in the same department (1988-1990). She is currently a professor of biological engineering and mechanical engineering at MIT, where she is also director of the Biotechnology Process Engineering Center. Her scientific articles have appeared in such journals as Science, Biomaterials, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.



琳达-格里菲斯
生物工程师|2006级
通过设计制造培养细胞可以附着和生长的支架的新方法，塑造了组织工程和合成再生技术的前沿领域。


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标题
生物工程师
工作单位
马萨诸塞州技术研究所
工作地点
马萨诸塞州剑桥市
年龄
获奖时46岁
重点领域
生物工程和生物技术
发表于2006年9月1日
关于琳达的工作
琳达-格里菲斯是一位生物技术专家，正在塑造组织工程和合成再生技术的前沿。她早期的工作主要是为肝细胞培养物设计新型基质，以使药理学家能够在体外测试许多潜在药物的疗效和毒性。格里菲斯设计了几种制造支架的方法，培养的细胞可以在上面粘附和生长。最初的努力是利用电子束辐射交联的线性聚合物凝胶来形成星形结构。最近，她开发了一种使用L-乳酸的固相方法，以精确控制三维基质的孔径大小和表面化学性质。利用这种技术，她探索了肝细胞存活并组织成生理功能单元所需的最佳条件（如孔径大小、生长介质、细胞密度、流体动力学）。有了这些成果，格里菲斯正在开发一种强大的工具，用于探索肝脏的正常功能和攻击肝脏的疾病机制，提供了大幅减少未来器官替换或再生需求的前景。她的最新实验正在扩大使用三维支架来培养其他类型的细胞，如造血细胞；与肝脏培养研究一样，这些实验为建立毒性和癌症转移的体外模型奠定了基础。在材料科学、细胞表面化学、生理学和解剖学的交叉点上，格里菲斯正在扩展生物医学工程的极限及其在诊断疾病和再生受损器官方面的应用。

个人简历
琳达-格里菲斯在佐治亚州立大学获得理学士学位（1982年）。(1982)从乔治亚理工学院获得学士学位，并从加州大学伯克利分校获得化学工程博士学位（1988）。1991年，她加入麻省理工学院，担任化学工程助理教授（1991-1996），此前她曾在该系担任博士后助理（1988-1990）。她目前是麻省理工学院生物工程和机械工程的教授，也是生物技术工艺工程中心的主任。她的科学文章出现在《科学》、《生物材料》和《美国国家科学院院刊》等杂志上。